人长时间没有多巴胺，会怎么样？

What happens when people stay without dopamine for a long time?

多巴胺是神经传导物质，用来帮助细胞传送脉冲的化学物质，这种脑内分泌主要负责大脑的情欲、感觉，将兴奋及开心的信息传递。

Dopamine is a nerve transmitter used to help cells deliver pulses. This brain endocrine is responsible for the brain's emotions, feelings, excitement and happiness.

多巴胺是人性的本能需要，意志力和精力用得过多时，缺少多巴胺奖励，会不快乐。

Dopamine is the instinctive need of human nature. When the willpower and energy are used too much, the lack of dopamine reward will be unhappy.

抑郁的人，就是快乐感不足，或者说缺乏稳定的获取多巴胺（快乐）的途径。低多巴胺，会让人心情糟糕，提不起劲做任何事。明明知道很重要，就提不起精神，不想做，没有动力。

Depressed people are lack of happiness, or lack of stable access to dopamine (happiness). Low dopamine, can make people in a bad mood, not strong enough to do anything. Clearly know that it is very important, they can not lift the spirit, do not want to do, no motivation.

多巴胺提供行为的动机，有了多巴胺，我们才愿意去做一件事情。

Dopamine provides the motivation for the behavior, and with dopamine, we are willing to do one thing.

而高的多巴胺，会使人上瘾，过度消耗体力和热量。

And high dopamine, it can be addictive, excessive consumption of physical energy and calories.

多巴胺与内啡肽的区别

Difference between dopamine and endorphins

多巴胺和内啡肽，都是能让人体兴奋、愉悦的两种激素，它们都能够提供快乐感，但两者获取的途径同，产生的过程不一样。

Dopamine and endorphin, both hormones that excite and delight the body, both provide happiness, but they get the same way in different processes.

多巴胺是一种及时满足的奖励机制，它带来快感，你得到了想要的，发自本能的需求得到了满足，比如美食、美女、购物后，就会分泌多巴胺，让你觉得很爽。多巴胺很容易得到，它让你做了一件事后，下次还想做。

Dopamine is a reward mechanism that is met in time. It brings pleasure, you get what you want, and your instinctive needs are met, such as food, beautiful women, after shopping, and you secrete dopamine, which makes you feel good. Dopamine is easily available, it makes you do one afterwards and want to do it next time.

如果过分地依赖某一种单一的，获取多巴胺的途径，比如美食、购物、喝酒、KTV等，会提升我们的阈值，而成瘾。

If we rely too much on a single access to dopamine, such as food, shopping, drinking, KTV, etc., it will raise our threshold and become addicted.

内啡肽是一种延迟的补偿机制，带来的是一种满足和幸福感。

Endorphins are a delayed compensatory mechanism that brings a satisfaction and well-being.

你坚持做一件事，这件事反人性，会带来痛苦的体验感，大脑的痛苦区域会被激活，但是习惯了痛苦之后的完成，身体会分泌出内啡肽对你进行补偿，会产生身心愉悦感。内啡肽的分泌是吝啬的，需付出心血和汗水，经历痛苦才能获得。

You insist on doing something, which is antihuman and brings a painful experience. The painful area of the brain will be activated, but when used to the pain, the body will secrete endorphins to compensate you, creating a sense of physical and mental pleasure. The production of endorphins is stingy, requiring effort and sweat, and experiencing pain.

两者其实都是感觉和欲望。只是内啡肽相比多巴胺，是属于更加高级的欲望。

Both are actually feelings and desires. But endorphin is a more advanced desire than dopamine.

选多巴胺还是内啡肽？

Dopamine or endorphin?

人本能会逃离痛苦之事，寻求安逸与享受。因而追求多巴胺是我们的本能，顺从本能会带来快感。而追求内啡肽，需要反本能，经历痛苦，这种幸福感的获得，并不容易。

The human instinct is to escape from the pain and seek for comfort and enjoyment. So the pursuit of dopamine is our instinct, and obedience brings pleasure. And the pursuit of endorphins, need anti-instinct, experience pain, this kind of happiness, is not easy.

因而，有的人迷恋用追求多巴胺的方式来寻找快乐，美食游戏，刷剧等，被易得的多巴胺控制。唾手可得的多巴胺所带来的快乐，其缺点是，当人长期满足于多巴胺带来的快乐时，稍微有点难度的事，就不愿去尝试，稍微努力一下容易以为自己在拼命。

As a result, some people are obsessed with pursuing dopamine to find happiness, food games, binge-watching, etc., and are controlled by easy access to dopamine. The disadvantage of the pleasure of easy dopamine is that when people are satisfied with the pleasure of dopamine for a long time, they are reluctant to try a little difficult, and think they are trying with a little effort.

有的人善于通过持续的痛苦努力来寻求快乐，比如跑步、阅读、学习、思考、工作带来的充实感，他们倾向制造内啡肽。内啡肽是长期坚持的结果，刚开始的时候会觉得很不适应，一旦过了临界点，就会形成一种习惯，让人超越自己。

Some people are good at seeking pleasure through continuous painful efforts, such as the fulfillment of running, reading, learning, thinking, and work, and they tend to make endorphins. Endorphins are the result of long-term adherence. At the beginning, they will feel very uncomfortable. Once they pass the critical point, they will form a habit and let people surpass themselves.

真正的自律者并非没有欲望，而是追求更高层次的欲望，他期望通过自己的努力得到应有的满足，而不是轻易得到的一时快感。

The real self-discipline is not without desire, but the pursuit of a higher level of desire, he expects to get due satisfaction through his own efforts, rather than easily get the temporary pleasure.

怎么改变？

How to change?

人体也是一台机器，我们的生理化学水平, 决定了身体的感受和行为。做一项可以改变身体化学水平的活动，比单纯的脑力上的思考和自我反省，或许有效得多。The human body is a machine, too. Our physiological and chemical levels determine how the body feels and acts. Doing an activity that can change the level of body chemistry may be much more effective than simply mental thinking and self-reflection.

心情难过时，阅读和思考如何走出抑郁的文章，不如每天去跑步25分钟来得有效。正如一句经典的话所说：“正确的思考相较于正确的行动，是那么微不足道。”

When feeling sad, reading and thinking about how to get out of a depressed article is not as effective as running for 25 minutes a day. As the classic saying goes, " Right thinking is so insignificant compared to the right action.”

直接行动，可以改变我们大脑的生理化学状态。

Direct directly, can change the physiological and chemical state of our brain. 作者：比喻说 链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/eb23e9d78d7e 来源：简书 著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。